Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Idosa na ESF Mimbó, Amarante/PI

CASTELLANOS, Osvaldo Rabanal. Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Idosa na ESF Mimbó, Amarante/PI. 2015. 77f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A longevidade é, sem dúvida, um triunfo. Nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, o envelhecimento tem ocorrido de forma rápida, sem tempo para uma reorganização social e da área de saúde adequada para atender às novas demandas emergentes. A tendência mundial mostra que em breve existirão mais idosos que crianças abaixo de 15 anos, fenômeno que vem acompanhado do aumento de doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis. Após uma análise situacional sistemática, observou-se haver falhas na atenção à saúde do idoso na ESF Mimbó. Não havia integralidade da atenção e não se atingia toda a população de idosas da área, além de ser necessário melhorar a qualidade da assistência a doenças crônicas. O objetivo desta intervenção foi melhorar a atenção de saúde da pessoa idosa na ESF Mimbó, no município de Amarante, Estado do Piauí. A área adstrita da ESF Mimbó tem uma população de 2971 usuários, deles 426 são idosos, representando 14,3% da população que está envelhecida. Esta foi a população alvo da intervenção. Destes, 342 apresentavam pelo menos uma doença crônica. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi seguido como protocolo o caderno de atenção básica: Envelhecimento e saúde da pessoa idosa, a intervenção incluiu ações de monitoramento, organização e gestão dos serviços, engajamento público e melhoria da prática clínica. Os dados de cada usuário foram coletados em uma ficha-espelho e processados na planilha de coleta de dados. Os resultados dos indicadores avaliados durante os quatro meses da intervenção mostraram importante aumento da cobertura, onde 100% dos idosos da área de abrangência foram avaliados pela equipe ao final da intervenção. Além do aumento significativo e progressivo da cobertura, também houve uma melhoria importante de todos os indicadores de qualidade: todos os indicadores foram mantidos em 100% durante a intervenção. Pode-se concluir que a intervenção trouxe melhora na integralidade e qualidade do atendimento, qualificando o trabalho de equipe e aumentando a participação da comunidade nas atividades educativas, com o intuito de promover saúde e prevenir doenças na população envelhecida. Palavras-chave: Saúde da família; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde do Idoso; Assistência domiciliar; Saúde Bucal

Pobreza y movilidad social educativa en Guatemala. El ascensor social camina lentamente.

The purpose of this article is to describe the evolution of poverty and social educational mobility in Guatemala, based on the development of a logarithmic regression model and the transition matrices with data from surveys of living conditions for the period 2000-2014. The results show that in this period, although educational social mobility at the country level increased, the power to explain the influence of father's education on the education of children decreased. There is greater educational mobility in men, non-indigenous, and no more than 40 years old, predominantly ascending short-distance educational mobility.Este artículo tiene por objeto describir la evolución de la pobreza y la movilidad social educativa en Guatemala, a partir de la elaboración de un modelo de regresión logarítmica y las matrices de transición con datos de encuestas de condiciones de vida del período 2000-2014.  Los resultados muestran que en este período si bien la movilidad social educativa a nivel país ascendió, disminuyó el poder de explicación de la influencia de la educación del padre en  la educación de los hijos. Se registra mayor movilidad educativa en hombres, no indígenas, y de no más de 40 años, predominando la movilidad educativa ascendente de corta distancia

Concentración y competencia en el mercado guatemalteco de medicamentos

This article aims to evaluate the level of concentration and structure of the Guatemalan drug market. For this purpose, the C4 concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman, and Dominance indices are calculated, which are the most used in this type of study, in the pharmacy market and some products. The results reveal that it is a highly concentrated market, with a dominant firm and low rivalry among companies to compete on prices.El objetivo de este artículo es cuantificar el nivel de concentración y la estructura del mercado guatemalteco de medicamentos. Para el efecto, se calculan los índices de concentración C4, de Herfindahl-Hirschman y de Dominancia, que son los más utilizados en este tipo de estudios, en el mercado de farmacias y de algunos productos. Los resultados revelan que se trata de un mercado de alta concentración, con firma dominante y baja rivalidad de las empresas para competir en precios

Signaling Pathways in Proton and Non-proton ASIC1a Activation

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) regulate synaptic activities and play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases as well as pain conditions. Classically, ASICs are described as transiently activated by a reduced pH, followed by desensitization; the activation allows sodium influx, and in the case of ASIC1a-composed channels, also calcium to some degree. Several factors are emerging and extensively analyzed as modulators, activating, inhibiting, and potentiating specific channel subunits. However, the signaling pathways triggered by channel activation are only starting to be revealed.The channel has been recently shown to be activated through a mechanism other than proton-mediated. Indeed, the large extracellular loop of these channels opens the possibility that other non-proton ligands might exist. One such molecule discovered was a toxin present in the Texas coral snake venom. The finding was associated with the activation of the channel at neutral pH via the toxin and causing intense and unremitting pain.By using different pharmacological tools, we analyzed the downstream signaling pathway triggered either by the proton and non-proton activation for human, mouse, and rat ASIC1a-composed channels in in vitro models. We show that for all species analyzed, the non-protonic mode of activation determines the activation of the ERK signaling cascade at a higher level and duration compared to the proton mode.This study adds to the growing evidence of the important role ASIC1a channels play in different physiological and pathological conditions and also hints at a possible pathological mechanism for a sustained effect.Fil: Salinas Castellanos, Libia Catalina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Uchitel, Osvaldo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Weissmann, Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin

A Multiple Radar Approach for Automatic Target Recognition of Aircraft using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar

Along with the improvement of radar technologies, Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) has come to be an active research area. SAR/ISAR are radar techniques to generate a two-dimensional high-resolution image of a target. Unlike other similar experiments using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to solve this problem, we utilize an unusual approach that leads to better performance and faster training times. Our CNN uses complex values generated by a simulation to train the network; additionally, we utilize a multi-radar approach to increase the accuracy of the training and testing processes, thus resulting in higher accuracies than the other papers working on SAR/ISAR ATR. We generated our dataset with 7 different aircraft models with a radar simulator we developed called RadarPixel; it is a Windows GUI program implemented using Matlab and Java programming, the simulator is capable of accurately replicating a real SAR/ISAR configurations. Our objective is to utilize our multi-radar technique and determine the optimal number of radars needed to detect and classify targets.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, International Conference for Data Intelligence and Security (ICDIS

Real-Time Road Hazard Information System

Infrastructure is a significant factor in economic growth for systems of government. In order to increase economic productivity, maintaining infrastructure quality is essential. One of the elements of infrastructure is roads. Roads are means which help local and national economies be more productive. Furthermore, road damage such as potholes, debris, or cracks is the cause of many on-road accidents that have cost the lives of many drivers. In this paper, we propose a system that uses Convolutional Neural Networks to detect road degradations without data pre-processing. We utilize the state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, YOLO detector for the system. First, we developed a basic system working on data collecting, pre-processing, and classification. Secondly, we improved the classification performance achieving 97.98% in the overall model testing, and then we utilized pixel-level classification and detection with a method called semantic segmentation. We were able to achieve decent results using this method to detect and classify four different classes (Manhole, Pothole, Blurred Crosswalk, Blurred Street Line). We trained a segmentation model that recognizes the four classes mentioned above and achieved great results with this model allowing the machine to effectively and correctly identify and classify our four classes in an image. Although we obtained excellent accuracy from the detectors, these do not perform particularly well on embedded systems due to their network size. Therefore, we opted for a smaller, less accurate detector that will run in real time on a cheap embedded system, like the Google Coral Dev Board, without needing a powerful and expensive GPU

Rhizospheric bacteria with potential benefits in agriculture Rhizospheric bacteria with potential benefits in agriculture

Rhizobacteria are a vast and very diverse group of bacteria that live in the vicinity of roots. They develop beneficial, neutral and even detrimental relationships, although the latter to a lesser extent. The interactions between bacteria and plant roots have played a determining role in the adaptation and productivity of plant species over time. Several studies show that rhizobacteria have improved plant growth, production and health, directly: through mechanisms that include the assimilation of vital nutrients such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization, and phytostimulation through the production of various phytohormones; and indirectly: by affecting the growth of important pathogens, activating plant immunity and improving problems caused by abiotic stress. Due to their metabolic diversity, rhizobacteria could contribute positively to the improvement of agricultural productivity and the solution of environmental problems caused by the methods used in current agriculture. Several genera such as: Acidithiobacillus, Aminobacter, Arthrobacter, Azoarcus, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Gluconoacetobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Sphingomonas have demonstrated their enormous growth promoting capacity. This review provides a focus on the mechanisms by which rhizobacteria enhance plant growth, their contribution in sustainable agriculture and their commercialization, a field that continues to grow steadily

Ion channels and pain in Fabry disease

Fabry disease (FD) is a progressive, X-linked inherited disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism due to deficient or absent lysosomal α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) activity which results in progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and related metabolites. One prominent feature of Fabry disease is neuropathic pain. Accumulation of Gb3 has been documented in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) as well as other neurons, and has lately been associated with the mechanism of pain though the pathophysiology is still unclear. Small fiber (SF) neuropathy in FD differs from other entities in several aspects related to the perception of pain, alteration of fibers as well as drug therapies used in the practice with patients, with therapies far from satisfying. In order to develop better treatments, more information on the underlying mechanisms of pain is needed. Research in neuropathy has gained momentum from the development of preclinical models where different aspects of pain can be modelled and further analyzed. This review aims at describing the different in vitro and FD animal models that have been used so far, as well as some of the insights gained from their use. We focus especially in recent findings associated with ion channel alterations -that apart from the vascular alterations-, could provide targets for improved therapies in pain.Fil: Weissmann, Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Albanese, Adriana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, Natalia Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Gobetto, María Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Salinas Castellanos, Libia Catalina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Uchitel, Osvaldo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin

Efecto del estrés salino sobre la morfología y fitoquímica de orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) cultivado in vitro

Plants, being sessile organisms, suffer from a range of biotic and abiotic stress. In this investigation, oregano plants were grown in vitro under saline stress conditions (NaCl 25 mM), combined with different types of lights: white light (CTL), ultraviolet- C (UV-C) and broad-spectrum light (AE). Morphological changes were evaluated in the treated plants, as well as phytochemical parameters (total phenolic com­pounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity). NaCl/CTL and AE conditions showed the highest numbers of activated buds. UV-C light showed the lowest number of buds and plant height, however, no effect from salinity was observed. Also, UV-C light caused the lowest amount of leaves and adventitious roots, which do not seem to be influenced by salinity. The stress condition that caused the highest amount of phenols was UV-C light, while the combination of NaCl/ UV-C showed the highest number of total flavonoids. As for the antioxidant capacity, NaCl/AE showed the highest capac­ity using both the DPPH and ABTS method. No correlation between phenols and antioxidant capacity was observed.Las plantas, al ser organismos sésiles sufren diferentes tipos de estreses bióticos y abióticos. En este trabajo se cultivaron  in vitro plantas de orégano, bajo condiciones de estrés salino (NaCl 25 mM), en diferentes fuentes de luz: blanca (CTL), ultravioleta tipo C (UV-C) y de amplio espectro (AE). Se evaluaron cambios morfológicos en las plantas tratadas, así como parámetros fitoquímicos (fenoles y flavonoides totales y la capacidad antioxidante). Los tratamientos NaCl/CTL y AE mostraron el mayor número de yemas activadas. La luz UV-C mostró la menor cantidad de yemas y de altura de planta, sin embargo, no se observó efecto de la salinidad. La luz UV-C causó el menor número de hojas, así como raíces adventicias. No parece haber injerencia de la condición salinidad en estos resultados. La condición que provocó el mayor contenido de fenoles fue la luz UV-C y la que provocó el mayor contenido de flavonoides fue la combinación NaCl/UV-C. La combinación NaCl/AE causó la mayor capacidad antioxidante con el método DPPH y ABTS. No se observó una correlación entre el contenido de fenoles y la capacidad antioxidante